《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十八、罪所导致的惩罚

27问：堕落给人类带来什么痛苦？

答：堕落令人类断送了与上帝之间的交通（创3:8，10，24），招致上帝的不悦和咒诅；使我们在本性上成为可怒之子（弗2:2－3）、撒但之奴（提后2:26），该面对今生及永世一切的惩罚（创2:17；哀3:39；罗6:23；太25:41，46；犹7）。

Question 27: What misery did the fall bring upon mankind?

Answer: The fall brought upon mankind the loss of communion with God, his displeasure and curse; so as we are by nature children of wrath, bond slaves to Satan, and justly liable to all punishments in this world, and that which is to come.

28问：罪所带来今生的惩罚是什么？

答：罪所带来今生的惩罚，内在方面，包括心思昏暗（弗4:18）、心灵邪僻（罗1:28）、心理（理性）错乱（帖后2:11）、心态刚硬（罗2:5）、心境不安（良心恐惧）（赛33:14；创4:13；太27:4）、心念败坏（罗1:26）；外在方面，万物因我们的缘故受了上帝的咒诅（创3:17），各样痛苦也必临到我们的肉身、名誉、产业、关系、工作（申28:15－18），而至终我们也都必以死亡为归结（罗5:12；6:23）。

Question 28: What are the punishments of sin in this world?

Answer: The punishments of sin in this world are either inward, as blindness of mind, a reprobate sense, strong delusions, hardness of heart, horror of conscience, and vile affections; or outward, as the curse of God upon the creatures for our sakes, and all other evils that befall us in our bodies,names, estates, relations, and employments; together with death itself.

29问：罪所带来永世的惩罚是什么？

答：罪所带来永世的惩罚就是永远与上帝美善的同在隔绝，灵魂和身体永远在地狱的烈火中遭受极其痛苦、没有间断的煎熬（帖后1:9；可9:43-44，46，48；路16:24）。

Question 29: What are the punishments of sin in the world to come?

Answer: The punishments of sin in the world to come, are everlasting separation from the comfortable presence of God, and most grievous torments in soul and body, without intermission, in hell fire forever.

《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十七、原罪

23问：堕落将人类带入怎样的状态里？

答：堕落使人类陷入罪恶与灾苦的状态里（罗5:12；3:23）。

Question 23: Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

Answer: The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.

24问：罪是什么？

答：罪就是未遵守，或触犯上帝的任何律法，即上帝对生俱理性之人所给予的准则（约壹3:4；加3:10，12）。

Question 24: What is sin?

Answer: Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, any law of God, given as a rule to the reasonable creature.

25问：人堕落后陷入了怎样的罪恶状态中？

答：人堕落后所陷入罪恶的状态，涵盖于亚当于其首次犯罪时所带来的罪咎（罗5:12，19），所丧失的受造之义，所导致人性的败坏，使他对一切属灵美善之事麻木不仁、无能为力、甚至背道而驰，并彻底倾向一切的邪恶，欲罢不能（罗3:10－19；弗2:1－3；罗5:6；8:7－8；创6:5），也就是一般所说的原罪，以及由原罪所引发诸般的本罪（雅1:14－15；太15:19）。

Question 25: Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

Answer: The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of that righteousness wherein he was created, and the corruption of his nature, whereby he is utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite unto all that is spiritually good, and wholly inclined to all evil, and that continually; which is commonly called original sin, and from which do proceed all actual transgressions.

26问：原罪如何从我们的始祖遗传给他们的后裔？

答：原罪乃藉自然之繁殖由我们的始祖遗传给他们的后代子孙。如此，凡从他们而出的人也都自然而然怀于罪中、生于罪中（诗51:5；伯14:4；15:14；约3:6）。

Question 26: How is original sin conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity?

Answer: Original sin is conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity by natural generation, so as all that proceed from them in that way are conceived and born in sin.

《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十六、亚当的代表性

22问：是否全人类都于此第一次过犯中堕落了？

答：亚当既作为众人的代表，所以上帝与他之约，就不单只是为他一人而立，也是为所有从他而出，绵延不绝的后裔，以至乎全人类而立（徒17:26）。如此，地上万族就都在亚当第一次的过犯中与他一同犯了罪，也与他一同堕落了（创2:16-17；罗5:12-20；林前15:21-22）。

Question 22: Did all mankind fall in that first transgression?

Answer: The covenant being made with Adam as a public person, not for himself only, but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in that first transgression.

《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十五、始祖的堕落

21问：始祖是否一直处于原初受造时的地位上？

答：我们的始祖既按所赋予之自由意识，在撒但的诱惑下，吃了禁果，违背了上帝的诫命，就从原初被造时天真无邪的地位上堕落了（创3:6－8，13；传7:29；林后11:3）。

Question 21: Did man continue in that estate wherein God at first created him?

Answer: Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, through the temptation of Satan, transgressed the commandment of God in eating the forbidden fruit; and thereby fell from the estate of innocency wherein they were created.

《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十四．上帝对人的护理

20问：上帝对处于原初受造之地位上的人有何护理之工？

答：上帝对处于原初受造地位上之人的护理之工，就是将他安置在乐园里，吩咐他修理看守园子，赐他自由可以食用地上各样果子（创2:8，15-16）；将所有受造之物都置于他的治理之下（创1:28）；设立婚配，使他能有个帮手（创2:18）；为他提供与上帝交契的可能（创1:26-29；创3:8）；制定安息日（创2:3）；还与他订立了生命之约，以生命树为信为据（创2:9），以他愿否切实、完全、持续顺命为条件（加3:12；罗10:5），并禁止他吃分辨善恶之树上的果子，以免遭致死亡之悲痛（创2:17）。

Question 20: What was the providence of God toward man in the estate in which he was created?

Answer: The providence of God toward man in the estate in which he was created, was the placing him in paradise, appointing him to dress it, giving him liberty to eat of the fruit of the earth; putting the creatures under his dominion, and ordaining marriage for his help; affording him communion with himself; instituting the sabbath; entering into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of personal, perfect, and perpetual obedience, of which the tree of life was a pledge; and forbidding to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon the pain of death.